![]() ![]() We used an online reference management system for systematic reviews to conduct study selection and data extraction (SRS 4.0 Mobius Analytics, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada).ĭata collected from the vetted studies included study design, description of the population, description of the risk of cancer, analytical techniques, and the theoretical model tested. Teams used standardized forms to extract descriptive, methodological, and key variable data from all eligible studies. The characteristics of reviewed studies are provided in Table Table1 1. Similarly, we excluded educational interventions aimed exclusively at raising awareness of risk. We excluded studies in which the focus was on establishing associations of risk factors with outcomes or behaviors if they did not evaluate predictors of risk perception, interpretation or communication. We initially included studies regardless of their design or sample size and excluded review articles, commentaries, letters not containing original data, and studies that were exclusively qualitative due to the unfeasibility of data abstraction. We excluded studies that sampled exclusively from the general population, average risk populations, or healthcare providers. Eligible studies sampled individuals who had one or more known or suspected non-modifiable risks for hereditary cancer such as family history or having a positive genetic test. Studies were eligible if they evaluated associations between psychosocial, clinical, or demographic factors and cancer risk perception (or similar terms such as perceived susceptibility or risk interpretation). We undertook a systematic review to rigorously characterize the existing empirical literature on factors that may influence perceived risk of getting cancer for those at high risk for cancer in order to form an empirically-grounded conceptual model for future cancer risk communication research. However, little is said about the key clinical, demographic, or psychosocial predictors that may shape risk perception, all of which are critical factors for tailoring interventions that align patients' perceptions of risk with their calculated risk. The little remaining empirical literature synthesizing data regarding cancer risk perception either focuses on a specific cancer such as breast cancer, or describes interventions to improve risk communication in cancer. They conclude that the psychology of risk perception should elicit caution among clinicians hoping to accurately convey risk information to patients and call for a research strategy that spans the fields of medical decision-making and health communication. In a recent narrative review, Klein and Stefanek discuss the role of innumeracy, heuristics, motivational factors, and emotional influences in shaping risk perception and the implications for cancer risk perception. health services research, psychooncology, health communication) and across populations (i.e. ![]() The existing research on cancer risk perception is scattered across disciplines (i.e. Moreover, misperception of risk has been shown to both increase and decrease use of preventive health services and therefore can have significant implications for the health of those at greater than average risk of developing cancer. At-risk family members or those with known mutations may have to make important decisions based upon their risk perceptions, including whether to undergo prophylactic surgery or subsequent genetic testing, whether to disclose test results to family members, or whether to participate in experimental cancer screening (e.g. ![]() Thus, risk perception is an essential component of health behavior in cancer generally, and in hereditary cancers in particular.Ĭompared to cancer risk perception in the general population, experiencing a close family member going through treatment for cancer or having a known genetic susceptibility to cancer has life-altering implications, including how one processes risk information. the Health Belief Model, the Precaution Adoption Model, or the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping). It remains an integral component of several theories of health behavior (e.g. Perceived risk is an important subjective psychological phenomenon related to threat appraisal that is closely intertwined with judgments about susceptibility to disease as well as the probability of benefit from interventions.
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